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Drugs administered through topical application can act locally or systemically. [1] [6] However, the drug molecules must first be retained in and penetrate the surface layer of the skin. [6] Absorption of the drug through the skin surface is a passive process of diffusion.
Polypharmacy is most commonly defined as the use of five or more medications daily by an individual. [6] However, the definition of polypharmacy is still debated and can vary from two to 11 concurrent medications. [6] Any drug: Cannabis: Amp joint [7] Any drug: Nicotine: Cooler [5] Any β-Carboline containing plant (e.g. Banisteriopsis caapi or ...
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a volume expander in intravenous therapy.The use of HES on critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of death and kidney problems.
Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs) are a series of best-practice manuals for the treatment of substance use and other related disorders. The TIP series is published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), an operational division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
The term colloidal suspension refers unambiguously to the overall mixture (although a narrower sense of the word suspension is distinguished from colloids by larger particle size). A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension).
A combination drug or a fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a medicine that includes two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. [1] Terms like "combination drug" or "combination drug product" can be common shorthand for an FDC product (since most combination drug products are currently FDCs), although the latter is more precise if in fact referring to a mass-produced product ...
Haemaccel (a registered trademark) is a type of intravenous colloid used in the prevention or treatment of shock associated with reduction in effective circulating blood volume due to hemorrhage, loss of plasma (burns, peritonitis, pancreatitis, crush injuries), or loss of water and electrolytes from persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
It often comes as a 50/50 mixture with oxygen. [1] Devices with a demand valve are available for self-administration. [5] The setup and maintenance is relatively expensive for developing countries. [6] [7] There are few side effects, other than vomiting, with short-term use. [1] [2] With long-term use anemia or numbness may occur. [2]