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The use of chemical weapons against the Rif was first described in an article of a (now defunct) Francophone daily newspaper published in Tangier called La Dépêche marocaine dated on November 27, 1921. [15] [16] Historian Juan Pando has been the only Spanish historian to have confirmed the usage of mustard gas starting in 1923. [14]
The Republic was dissolved by Spanish and French occupation forces on 27 May 1926, but many Rif guerrillas continued to fight until 1927. [18] Abd-el-Krim boarding a Fez-Tangier train in 1926 on his way to exile in the Indian Ocean island of Réunion. In April 1925, Abd el-Krim proclaimed the independent Republic in the Rif region of Spanish ...
Cárceles y Campos de Concentración en Castilla y León. León: Fundación 27 de marzo. ISBN 978-84-615-5410-2. Rodrigo, Javier (2003). Los campos de concentración franquistas: entre la historia y la memoria. Madrid: Siete Mares. Rodrigo, J. (2005). Cautivos: campos de concentración en la España franquista, 1936-1947. Barcelona: Crítica.
Riffians or Rifians (Tarifit: Irifiyen, singular: Arifi; [5] Arabic: الريفيون) are a Berber ethnic group originally from the Rif region of northeastern Morocco (includes the autonomous city of Spain, Melilla). [3] Communities of Riffian immigrants are also found in southern Spain, Netherlands and Belgium as well as elsewhere in Western ...
(Online summary of BS5261, open access via "Proofmarks") BSI proof-correction marks (conforming to BS 5261C:2005) as prepared by the Chartered Institute of Editing and Proofreading; The style guide for publications of the European Union is presented in 24 European languages and includes a section on proofreading. Each edition has a sheet of ...
The Battle of Annual was fought on 22 July 1921 at Annual, in northeastern Morocco, between the Spanish Army and Rifian Berbers during the Rif War.The Spanish suffered a major military defeat, which is almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual (Spanish: Desastre de Annual) which is widely considered to be the worst defeat suffered by the modern Spanish Army.
The Government of the Republic of the Rif was established on 18 September 1921 when the Riffian Tribes, led by Abd el-Krim, beat Spain in the Battle of Annual during the Rif War and created the Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif. The Republic of the Rif is considered the first-ever independent non-monarchical modern Amazigh state.
Since the late 17th century the Algerians were able to gain possession and recognition of sovereignty over a portion of eastern Morocco around Oujda, initially after a set of victories against the Moroccan Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif in engagements such as the Battle of Moulouya and the Siege of Oran, in which the Deylik of Algiers and Spain cooperated against Morocco.