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In a UK study involving nearly 6000 fractures seen in hospital, 3.6% were broken toes. [10] Fractures of big toes make up about a fifth [3] or third [8] of all toe fractures, and 5.5% of all foot and ankle fractures in major US trauma hospitals. [10] Toe fractures are the most common foot fractures. [8] About 20% of broken toes involve open ...
Diabetic foot ulcer is a breakdown of the skin and sometimes deeper tissues of the foot that leads to sore formation. It is thought to occur due to abnormal pressure or mechanical stress chronically applied to the foot, usually with concomitant predisposing conditions such as peripheral sensory neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease. [1]
The flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus flex the interphalangeal joint of the big toe and lateral four toes, respectively. The tendons of both of these muscles cross as they reach their distal attachments. In other words, the flexor hallucis longus arises laterally, while the flexor digitorum longus arises medially.
Diabetes is the foremost cause in America today for neuropathic joint disease, [5] and the foot is the most affected region. In those with foot deformity, approximately 60% are in the tarsometatarsal joints (medial joints affected more than lateral), 30% metatarsophalangeal joints , and 10% have ankle disease.
tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb Hollenhorst plaque: Robert Hollenhorst: ophthalmology: hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes: cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies) Homans' sign: John Homans: thrombosis: deep venous thrombosis: knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain
Gross clubbing – Thickening of the whole distal (end part of the) finger (resembling a drumstick) Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy – Shiny aspect and striation of the nail and skin; Schamroth's sign or Schamroth's window test (originally demonstrated by South African cardiologist Leo Schamroth on himself) [16] is a popular test for clubbing.
Symptoms may include pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, warmth, tachycardia, or tachypnea. [4] Complications can include infection of the bone, tissue death, amputation, or sepsis. [2] They are common and occur equally frequently in males and females. Older people are more commonly affected.
They are analogous to the knuckles of the hand, and are consequently known as toe knuckles in common speech. They are condyloid joints , meaning that an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) comes close to a shallow cavity (of the proximal phalanges).