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Airglow (also called nightglow) is a faint emission of light by a planetary atmosphere. In the case of Earth's atmosphere , this optical phenomenon causes the night sky never to be completely dark, even after the effects of starlight and diffused sunlight from the far side are removed.
A Mars aircraft is a vehicle capable of sustaining powered flight in the atmosphere of Mars. So far, the Mars helicopter Ingenuity is the only aircraft [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ever to fly on Mars , completing 72 successful flights covering 17.242 km (10.714 mi) in 2 hours, 8 minutes and 48 seconds of flight time. [ 4 ]
Airglow was designed with an all-flying rudder and elevator for yaw and pitch, plus rotating wing tips for lateral stability. The aircraft employs a simple fly-by-wire control system based on lightweight control servos more normally found on radio controlled model aircraft.
Ingenuity, nicknamed Ginny, is an autonomous NASA helicopter that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024 as part of the Mars 2020 mission. Ingenuity made its first flight on 19 April 2021, demonstrating that flight is possible in the extremely thin atmosphere of Mars, and becoming the first aircraft to conduct a powered and controlled extra-terrestrial flight.
Starlight clear moonless night sky excluding airglow [1] 10 −3: 1 millilux: 2 millilux: Starlight clear moonless night sky including airglow [1] 10 −2: 1 centilux:
The Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey (ARES) was a proposal by NASA's Langley Research Center to build a robotic, rocket-powered airplane that would fly one mile above the surface of Mars, [1] in order to investigate the atmosphere, surface, and sub-surface of the planet.
Mars 1962A was a Mars flyby mission, launched on October 24, 1962, and Mars 1962B an intended first Mars lander mission, launched in late December of the same year (1962). Both failed from either breaking up as they were going into Earth orbit or having the upper stage explode in orbit during the burn to put the spacecraft into trans-Mars ...
Launch Pad 0 (LP-0), also known as Launch Complex 0 (LC-0), [2] or Launch Area 0 (LA-0), [3] is a launch complex at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) on Wallops Island, Virginia, in the United States. [2] MARS is located right next to the NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), which had run the launch complex until 2003. [4]