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The most commonly used inventory valuation methods under a perpetual system are: first-in first-out (FIFO) last-in first-out (LIFO) (highest in, first out) (HIFO) average cost or weighted average cost; These methods produce different results because their flow of costs are based upon different assumptions.
FIFO and LIFO accounting are methods used in managing inventory and financial matters involving the amount of money a company has to have tied up within inventory of produced goods, raw materials, parts, components, or feedstocks. They are used to manage assumptions of costs related to inventory, stock repurchases (if purchased at different ...
Alternative systems may be used in some countries, such as last-in-first-out (LIFO), gross profit method, retail method, or a combinations of these. Cost of goods sold may be the same or different for accounting and tax purposes, depending on the rules of the particular jurisdiction. Certain expenses are included in COGS.
FIFO's opposite is LIFO, last-in-first-out, where the youngest entry or "top of the stack" is processed first. [2] A priority queue is neither FIFO or LIFO but may adopt similar behaviour temporarily or by default. Queueing theory encompasses these methods for processing data structures, as well as interactions between strict-FIFO queues.
FIFO (computing and electronics), a method of queuing or memory management Queue (abstract data type), data abstraction of the queuing concept; FIFO and LIFO accounting, methods used in managing inventory and financial matters
For example, relating shipping and storage costs to a specific inventory item becomes difficult. These numbers often need to be estimated, diminishing the specificity advantage of the specific identification method. Thus, this method is generally limited to large, high-ticket items which can be easily identified specifically (such as tract houses).
Cost of ending inventory can be calculated by using the LIFO or FIFO inventory accounting methods, or other less common methods. The end of the accounting period is considered usually the end of each month because otherwise some taxes like the VAT (value added tax) cannot be charged. The monthly stock-taking is the main disadvantage of the ...
The accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity) and financial statements are the main topics of financial accounting. The trial balance , which is usually prepared using the double-entry accounting system , forms the basis for preparing the financial statements.