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In molecular biology, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. [1]
An alternative definition says that an ORF is a sequence that has a length divisible by three and is bounded by stop codons. [1] [4] This more general definition can be useful in the context of transcriptomics and metagenomics, where a start or stop codon may not be present in the obtained sequences. Such an ORF corresponds to parts of a gene ...
In the context of translation, a termination signal is the stop codon on the mRNA that elicits the release of the growing peptide from the ribosome. [2] Termination signals play an important role in regulating gene expression since they mark the end of a gene transcript and determine which DNA sequences are expressed in the cell. [1]
Class 1 release factors recognize stop codon, and class 2 release factors stimulate hydrolysis by GTPase activity. However, prokaryotes don't have a single protein to recognize all the stop codons. The stop codon UAG is decoded by Release Factor 1 (RF1) and UGA is decoded by Release Factor 2. The final stop codon UAA is decoded by both RF1 and ...
For each codon (square brackets), the amino acid is given by the vertebrate mitochondrial code, either in the +1 frame for MT-ATP8 (in red) or in the +3 frame for MT-ATP6 (in blue). The MT-ATP8 genes terminates with the TAG stop codon (red dot) in the +1 frame. The MT-ATP6 gene starts with the ATG codon (blue circle for the M amino acid) in the ...
An open reading frame (ORF) is a reading frame that has the potential to be transcribed into RNA and translated into protein. It requires a continuous sequence of DNA which may include a start codon, through a subsequent region which has a length that is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, to a stop codon in the same reading frame.
A release factor is a protein that allows for the termination of translation by recognizing the termination codon or stop codon in an mRNA sequence. They are named so because they release new peptides from the ribosome.
some of the protein complexes involved in initiation. Initiation of translation usually involves the interaction of certain key proteins, the initiation factors, with a special tag bound to the 5'-end of an mRNA molecule, the 5' cap, as well as with the 5' UTR. These proteins bind the small (40S) ribosomal subunit and hold the mRNA in place. [1]