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Most time signatures consist of two numerals, one stacked above the other: The lower numeral indicates the note value that the signature is counting. This number is always a power of 2 (unless the time signature is irrational), usually 2, 4 or 8, but less often 16 is also used, usually in Baroque music. 2 corresponds to the half note (minim), 4 to the quarter note (crotchet), 8 to the eighth ...
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In mensural notation, prolation (also called prolatio) [1] describes the rhythmic structure of medieval and Renaissance music on a small scale. The term is derived from the Medieval Latin word prolatio (meaning "bearing" or "manner"), [2] first used by the medieval French composer Philippe de Vitry in describing Ars Nova, a musical style that arose in 14th-century France.
Triple metre (or Am. triple meter, also known as triple time) is a musical metre characterized by a primary division of 3 beats to the bar, usually indicated by 3 or 9 in the upper figure of the time signature, with 3 4, 3 8 and 9 8 being the most common examples. In these signatures, beats form groups of three, establishing a triple meter feel ...
The article says that only for compound time signatures, like 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8. Notice that in these cases the upper number is divisible by 3. Double sharp 06:26, 15 September 2023 (UTC) "The time signature is a notational device representing the meter, which is an auditory feature of the music." (my italics) ...
4) and the direction 'Free time' written above. The word FREE is written downwards across the stave. This is mostly used when the piece changes to free time after having had a time signature. Instead of a time signature, a large X is written on the stave. Note heads alone are used, without time values (typically black note heads without stems)
A time signature of 21 8 , however, does not necessarily mean that the bar is a compound septuple meter with seven beats, each divided into three. This signature may, for example, be used to indicate a bar of triple meter in which each beat is subdivided into seven parts.
With regards to which time signatures are unusual, the Time signature article already mentions a number of time signatures (3/4, 4/4, 6/8 et al.) as 'most common', leading to the implication that other time sigs are unusual. Moreover, a number of time signatures is explicitly mentioned as being unusual afterwards, again without sourcing.