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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti- glaucoma agents, diuretics , antiepileptics , in the management of mountain sickness , gastric and duodenal ulcers , idiopathic intracranial hypertension , neurological disorders , or ...
Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.
It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. [3] Dorzolamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. [3] It is available as a generic medication. [5] In 2022, it was the 201st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [6] [7]
Brinzolamide (trade name Azopt) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brinzolamide was approved as a generic medication in the United States in November 2020.
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hence causing the accumulation of carbonic acid. [12] Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in red blood cells and many other tissues that catalyses the following reaction: [26] H 2 CO 3 ⇌ H 2 O + CO 2. hence lowering blood pH, by means of the following reaction that carbonic acid undergoes: [27]
Dorzolamide/timolol, sold under the brand name Cosopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. [3] [5] [6] It is a combination of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. [3] It may be used when a beta blocker, like timolol, is not sufficient alone. [7] It is used as an eye drop. [3]
Primary open-angle glaucoma: Prostaglandin agonists work by opening uveoscleral passageways. Beta-blockers, such as timolol, work by decreasing aqueous formation. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease bicarbonate formation from ciliary processes in the eye, thus decreasing the formation of aqueous humor. Parasympathetic analogs are drugs that ...
Rarely, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance. [44] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has notified prescribers that topiramate can cause acute myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma in a small subset of people who take topiramate regularly. [45]