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The Sun is composed primarily of the chemical elements hydrogen and helium; they account for 74.9% and 23.8%, respectively, of the mass of the Sun in the photosphere.All heavier elements, colloquially called metals in stellar astronomy, account for less than 2% of the mass, with oxygen (roughly 1% of the Sun's mass), carbon (0.3%), neon (0.2%), and iron (0.2%) being the most abundant.
In English, the Greek and Latin words occur in poetry as personifications of the Sun, Helios (/ ˈ h iː l i ə s /) and Sol (/ ˈ s ɒ l /), [2] [1] while in science fiction Sol may be used to distinguish the Sun from other stars. The term sol with a lowercase s is used by planetary astronomers for the duration of a solar day on another planet ...
According to VMD, the photon is a superposition of the pure electromagnetic photon, which interacts only with electric charges, and vector mesons, which mediate the residual nuclear force. [108] However, if experimentally probed at very short distances, the intrinsic structure of the photon appears to have as components a charge-neutral flux of ...
In explosions of very large stars (250 or more solar masses), photodisintegration is a major factor in the supernova event. As the star reaches the end of its life, it reaches temperatures and pressures where photodisintegration's energy-absorbing effects temporarily reduce pressure and temperature within the star's core.
The force imparted to a solar sail arises from the momentum of photons. The momentum of a photon or an entire flux is given by Einstein's relation: [23] [24] = / where p is the momentum, E is the energy (of the photon or flux), and c is the speed of light. Specifically, the momentum of a photon depends on its wavelength p = h/λ
In astrophysics, photodissociation regions (or photon-dominated regions, PDRs) are predominantly neutral regions of the interstellar medium in which far ultraviolet photons strongly influence the gas chemistry and act as the most important source of heat. [1]
astro: approximate luminosity of Sirius B, Sirius's white dwarf companion. [63] [64] 10 26: 1 × 10 26 W tech: power generating capacity of a Type-II civilization on the Kardashev scale. [56] 1.87 × 10 26 W astro: approximate luminosity of Tau Ceti, the nearest solitary G-type star. 3.828 × 10 26 W astro: luminosity of the Sun, [65] our home ...
In high-energy astrophysics, a photo-meson is a meson (most often a pion) produced in the interaction of a photon with a nucleon within an astrophysical object. This interaction is commonly referred to as photo-hadronic process.