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The central nucleus of the IC is a nearly obligatory relay in the ascending auditory system, and most likely acts to integrate information (specifically regarding sound source localization from the superior olivary complex [13] and dorsal cochlear nucleus) before sending it to the thalamus and cortex. [1]
An ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals ...
Hearing. Video showing how sounds make their way from the source to the brain. Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. [1] The academic field concerned with hearing is auditory science.
The cochlea (pl.: cochleae) is a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone, in which waves propagate from the base (near the middle ear and the oval window) to the apex (the top or center of the spiral). The spiral canal of the cochlea is a section of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear that is approximately 30 mm long and makes 2 3⁄4 turns ...
Human auditory system. Sound localization is the process of determining the location of a sound source. The brain utilizes subtle differences in intensity, spectral, and timing cues to localize sound sources. [3][4][5] Localization can be described in terms of three-dimensional position: the azimuth or horizontal angle, the elevation or ...
The central auditory system converges inputs from both ears onto neurons within the brainstem. This system contains many subcortical nuclei that collect, integrate, and analyze afferent signals from the ears, for extraction and analysis of the dimensions of sounds. The outcome is a representation of auditory space and auditory objects. [3] [11]
The vestibular system is important for balance, or equilibrium. It includes the saccule, utricle , and the three semicircular canals . The vestibule is the name of the fluid-filled, membranous duct that contains these organs of balance and is in turn encased in the temporal bone of the skull as a part of the inner ear.
Audiology (from Latin audīre, "to hear"; and from Greek -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. [1] [2] Audiologists treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage. [3] By employing various testing strategies (e.g. behavioral hearing tests, otoacoustic emission ...
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