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Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has both antibacterial and anti-secretory actions that help with diarrhea. [1] Once in the gut, BSS gets broken down into bismuth and salicylic acid. [ 1 ] Bismuth produces other bismuth salts, which blocks the binding and proliferation of bacteria in stomach mucosal cells, leading to a decrease in inflammation in ...
Bismuth sulfide is a highly insoluble black salt, and the discoloration seen is temporary and harmless. Long-term use (more than six weeks) may lead to accumulation and toxicity. [8] High daily intake over a period of months can possibly cause severe fatigue, weakness and neurological symptoms that reverse with discontinuation. [9]
Constipation is a bowel dysfunction that makes bowel movements infrequent or hard to pass. [2] The stool is often hard and dry. [4] Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. [3]
Some signs and symptoms of malnutrition in older adults may include unintended weight loss, tiredness and fatigue, muscle weakness or loss of strength, constipation, dizziness, syncope, gastritis, peptic ulcers, paleness of the skin, poor wound healing, depression, problems with memory, a weak immune system, and anemia.
Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a salt of bismuth (Bi 3+), potassium (K +) and citrate (C 6 H 4 O 4− 7) in a molar ratio of about 1:5:2, with 3 moles of water. It contains about 25.6% (mass percent) bismuth, which is the active moiety, and 22.9% potassium. [3] [4] Other sources give somewhat different ratios of the constituents.
[1] [4] Complications can include swelling of the brain or lungs, seizures, low blood sugar, or cardiac arrest. [1] While usually due to aspirin, other possible causes include oil of wintergreen and bismuth subsalicylate. [2] Excess doses can be either on purpose or accidental. [1] Small amounts of oil of wintergreen can be toxic. [2]
Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is defined by less than three bowel movements per week, hard stools, severe straining, the sensation of anorectal blockage, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need for manual maneuvers during feces, without organic abnormalities.
Bismuth subsalicylate four times daily reduces rates of travelers' diarrhea. [2] [27] Though many travelers find a four-times-per-day regimen inconvenient, lower doses are not effective. [2] [27] Potential side effects include black tongue, black stools, nausea, constipation, and ringing in the ears.