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A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.
The joint allows inversion and eversion of the foot, but plays minimal role in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the foot. [5] The centre of rotation of the subtalar joint is thought to be in the region of the middle facet. [3] It is considered a plane synovial joint, also commonly referred to as a gliding joint. [6]
A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational. A multiaxial joint (polyaxial joint or triaxial joint) is a synovial joint that allows for several directions of movement. [9] In the human body, the shoulder and hip joints are multiaxial joints. [10]
The cricoarytenoid joint allows for rotation and gliding motion. [1] The extent of rotation is significant, while the extent of gliding is limited. [1] The cricoarytenoid joint controls the abduction and adduction of the vocal cords. [1] It is moved by many of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. [2]
The acromioclavicular joint provides the ability to raise the arm above the head. This joint functions as a pivot point (although technically it is a gliding synovial joint), acting like a strut to help with movement of the scapula resulting in a greater degree of arm rotation.
The location of facet joints, deep in the back and covered with large tracts of paraspinal muscles, further complicate the diagnostic approach. Typically facet joint arthritis is diagnosed with specialized physical examination by specialist physicians such as facet loading (also called Kemps test).
The only exception is the first rib, which has a synchondrosis joint since the cartilage is directly united with the sternum. [1] The sternocostal joints are important for thoracic wall mobility. [2] The ligaments connecting them are: Articular capsules; Intraarticular sternocostal ligament; Radiate sternocostal ligaments; Costoxiphoid ligaments
The cricothyroid joint (or articulation) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage. It plays a key role in adjusting human voice pitch by changing the tension of the vocal cords .