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A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules ...
The joint allows inversion and eversion of the foot, but plays minimal role in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the foot. [5] The centre of rotation of the subtalar joint is thought to be in the region of the middle facet. [3] It is considered a plane synovial joint, also commonly referred to as a gliding joint. [6]
Anatomists restrict the term leg to this use, rather than to the entire lower limb. [6] The thigh is between the hip and knee and makes up the rest of the lower limb. [1] The term lower limb or lower extremity is commonly used to describe all of the leg. The leg from the knee to the ankle is called the crus. [7]
Nerve gliding cannot proceed with injuries or inflammations as the nerve is trapped by the tissue surrounding the nerve near the joint. Thus, nerve gliding exercise is widely used in rehabilitation programs and during the post-surgical period. Radial, median, sciatic, and ulnar nerves require nerve gliding exercise during the rehabilitation period.
When the legs are splayed at the hip, such as when doing a star jump or doing a split, the legs are abducted at the hip. [3] Adduction is a motion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb, carried out by one or more adductor muscles. In the case of fingers and toes, it is bringing the ...
The legs of tetrapods, the main group of terrestrial vertebrates (which also includes amphibious fish), have internal bones, with externally attached muscles for movement, and the basic form has three key joints: the shoulder joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint, at which the foot is attached. Within this form there is much variation in ...
The ball-and-socket joint (or spheroid joint) is a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. The distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. This enables the joint to move in many directions.
In animal anatomy, a pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint or lateral ginglymus) is a type of synovial joint whose movement axis is parallel to the long axis of the proximal bone, which typically has a convex articular surface.