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The attractive force draws molecules closer together and gives a real gas a tendency to occupy a smaller volume than an ideal gas. Which interaction is more important depends on temperature and pressure (see compressibility factor). In a gas, the distances between molecules are generally large, so intermolecular forces have only a small effect.
In molecular physics and chemistry, the van der Waals force (sometimes van de Waals' force) is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds, these attractions do not result from a chemical electronic bond; [2] they are comparatively weak and therefore more susceptible to disturbance. The van der ...
In condensed matter physics and physical chemistry, the Lifshitz theory of van der Waals forces, sometimes called the macroscopic theory of van der Waals forces, is a method proposed by Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz in 1954 for treating van der Waals forces between bodies which does not assume pairwise additivity of the individual intermolecular forces; that is to say, the theory takes into ...
Examples of well-studied vdW molecules are Ar 2, H 2-Ar, H 2 O-Ar, benzene-Ar, (H 2 O) 2, and (HF) 2.Others include the largest diatomic molecule He 2, and LiHe. [2] [3]A notable example is the He-HCN complex, studied for its large amplitude motions and the applicability of the adiabatic approximation in separating its angular and radial motions.
The source of adhesive forces, according to the dispersive adhesion mechanism, is the weak interactions that occur between molecules close together. [2] These interactions include London dispersion forces, Keesom forces, Debye forces and hydrogen bonds. Individually, these attractions are not very strong, but when summed over the bulk of a ...
Pages in category "Intermolecular forces" The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Adhesion;
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Intermolecular forces such as Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and dipole–dipole interactions are typically not sufficiently strong to hold two apparently conformal rigid bodies together, since the forces drop off rapidly with distance, [2] and the actual area in contact between the two bodies is small due to surface roughness and minor imperfections.