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The numerous bursae surrounding the knee joint can be divided into the communicating and the non-communicating bursae: [2] Communicating bursae: The suprapatellar bursa, the largest bursa, extends the joint space anteriorly and proximally. The subpopliteal recess and semimembranosus bursa are located posteriorly and are much smaller
In about 85% of individuals, this bursa communicates with the knee joint. A distension of this bursa is therefore generally an indication of knee effusion. [3] the prepatellar bursa between the patella and the skin [2] It allows movement of the skin over the underlying patella. the deep infrapatellar bursa between the upper part of the tibia ...
Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
A subcutaneous bursa is located between the skin and an underlying bone. It allows skin to move smoothly over the bone. Examples include the prepatellar bursa located over the kneecap and the olecranon bursa at the tip of the elbow. A submuscular bursa is found between a muscle and an underlying bone, or between adjacent muscles.
The synovial sac of the knee joint can, under certain circumstances, produce a posterior bulge, into the popliteal space, the space behind the knee. When this bulge becomes large enough, it becomes palpable and cystic. Most Baker's cysts maintain this direct communication with the synovial cavity of the knee, but sometimes, the new cyst pinches ...
These include the subacromial, prepatellar, retrocalcaneal, and pes anserinus bursae of the shoulder, knee, heel and shin, etc. (see below [broken anchor]). [1] Symptoms vary from localized warmth and erythema (redness) [ 1 ] to joint pain and stiffness, to stinging pain that surrounds the joint around the inflamed bursa.
Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee. It is marked by swelling at the knee, which can be tender to the touch and which generally does not restrict the knee's range of motion. It can be extremely painful and disabling as long as the underlying condition persists.
Patients will typically present with pain at the medial knee when climbing stairs, rising from chairs or sitting with legs crossed. The site is sometimes swollen, but not always. The likelihood of per anserine bursitis is increased in patients with osteoarthritis. Sometimes they report weakness or decreased range of motion.