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It may cause side effects such as headache, reflex bradycardia, excitability, restlessness, and cardiac arrhythmias. [12] At higher than indicated doses, phenylephrine can increase blood pressure and decrease heart rate. [11] A 45 mg dose of phenylephrine can increase systolic blood pressure by 20 mmHg. [11]
Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC. Phenylalanine is found naturally in the milk of mammals.
The amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine are precursors for catecholamines. Both amino acids are found in high concentrations in blood plasma and the brain. In mammals, tyrosine can be formed from dietary phenylalanine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, found in large amounts in the liver.
Minoxidil doesn’t usually come with side effects, and minoxidil interactions with other medications are unlikely. ... Medications for hypertension, or high blood pressure, including: Diuretics ...
Side effects of PPA include increased heart rate and blood pressure, among others. [13] [14] [15] [12] Rarely, PPA has been associated with hemorrhagic stroke. [11] [16] [13] PPA acts as a norepinephrine releasing agent, thereby indirectly activating adrenergic receptors. [17] [18] [19] As such, it is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic.
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma. [5]It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and ...
Phenylalanine concentrations are routinely screened in newborns by the neonatal heel prick (Guthrie test), which takes a few drops of blood from the heel of the infant. Standard phenylalanine concentrations in unaffected persons are about 2-6mg/dl (120–360 μmol/L) phenylalanine concentrations in those with untreated hyperphenylalaninemia can ...
Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. [7] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. [8] [9] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.
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