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Drafting pantograph in use Pantograph used for scaling a picture. The red shape is traced and enlarged. Pantograph 3d rendering. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- ' all, every ' and γραφ- ' to write ', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical ...
This configuration is also called a pantograph, [2] [3] however, it is not to be confused with the parallelogram-copying linkage pantograph. The linkage can be a one-degree-of-freedom mechanism if two gears are attached to two links and are meshed together, forming a geared five-bar mechanism.
The Scott Russell linkage (1803) translates linear motion through a right angle, but is not a straight line mechanism in itself. The Grasshopper beam/Evans linkage, an approximate straight line linkage, and the Bricard linkage, an exact straight line linkage, share similarities with the Scott Russell linkage and the Trammel of Archimedes.
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Planar quadrilateral linkage, RRRR or 4R linkages have four rotating joints. One link of the chain is usually fixed, and is called the ground link, fixed link, or the frame. The two links connected to the frame are called the grounded links and are generally the input and output links of the system, sometimes called the input link and output link.
The outer endpoints of the long bars are fixed in place relative to each other, but otherwise the three bars are free to pivot around the two joints where they meet. In linkage analysis, there is an imaginary fixed-length bar connecting the outer endpoints. Thus, Watt's linkage is an example of a four-bar linkage.
A horizontal pantograph maintains identical planar (X and Y axis) movement, with two degrees of freedom; An angled pantograph descending from the bridge maintains identical vertical (Z axis) movement; A torsion beam maintains identical pen fore-and-aft tilt; A parallel linkage maintains identical pen side-to-side tilt
Example of a void pantograph pattern before (left) and after (right) the document has been photocopied. In security printing, void pantograph refers to a method of making copy-evident and tamper-resistant patterns in the background of a document. Normally these are invisible to the eye, but become obvious when the document is photocopied.