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A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. [1] Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication ...
Cell junctions are also especially important in enabling communication between neighboring cells via specialized protein complexes called communicating (gap) junctions. Cell junctions are also important in reducing stress placed upon cells. In plants, similar communication channels are known as plasmodesmata, and in fungi they are called septal ...
Autocrine signaling occurs when the chemical signal acts on the same cell that produced the signaling chemical. [1] Intracrine signaling occurs when the chemical signal produced by a cell acts on receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the same cell. [2] Juxtacrine signaling occurs between physically adjacent cells. [3]
Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought.
[83] [84] Refinement of these studies suggested that gap junctions were key in the development of cell polarity [85] and the left-right symmetry in animals. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] While signaling that determines the position of body organs appears to rely on gap junctions, so does the more fundamental differentiation of cells at later stages of ...
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in live organisms. Biochemists focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules . The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are applications of biochemistry.
Thus, the characterization of RTKs and GPCRs led to the formulation of the concept of "signal transduction", a word first used in 1972. [61] Some early articles used the terms signal transmission and sensory transduction. [62] [63] In 2007, a total of 48,377 scientific papers—including 11,211 review papers—were published on the subject. The ...
These chemical compounds can either trigger an appetitive response for nutrients, or a defensive response against toxins depending on which receptors fire. Fish and crustaceans, who are constantly in an aqueous environment, use their gustatory system to identify certain chemicals in the mixture for the purpose of localization and ingestion of food.