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Polyatomic ions often are useful in the context of acid–base chemistry and in the formation of salts. Often, a polyatomic ion can be considered as the conjugate acid or base of a neutral molecule. For example, the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is the polyatomic hydrogen sulfate anion (HSO − 4).
The cation is always named first. Ions can be metals, non-metals or polyatomic ions. Therefore, the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide.
The name of the cation (the unmodified element name for monatomic cations) comes first, followed by the name of the anion. [100] [101] For example, MgCl 2 is named magnesium chloride, and Na 2 SO 4 is named sodium sulfate (SO 2− 4, sulfate, is an example of a polyatomic ion).
Some ionic compounds contain polyatomic ions, which are charged entities containing two or more covalently bonded types of atoms. It is important to know the names of common polyatomic ions; these include: ammonium (NH + 4) nitrite (NO − 2) nitrate (NO − 3) sulfite (SO 2− 3) sulfate (SO 2− 4) hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) (HSO − 4 ...
Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (−) charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics. Cats have paws ⇔ Cations are pawsitive. [27] Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign. [28] An anion is a negative ion. (An egative ion ⇒ Anion). [29]
The sulfate ion can act as a ligand attaching either by one oxygen (monodentate) or by two oxygens as either a chelate or a bridge. [7] An example is the complex Co 2 (SO 4)] + Br − [7] or the neutral metal complex PtSO 4 (PPh 3) 2] where the sulfate ion is acting as a bidentate ligand. The metal–oxygen bonds in sulfate complexes can have ...
Sometimes an abbreviated form of the element name has to be taken, e.g. germide for germanium as germanide refers to GeH − 3. Polyatomic cations of the same element are named as the element name preceded by di-, tri-, etc., e.g.: Hg 2+ 2 dimercury(2+) Polyatomic cations made up of different elements are named either substitutively or ...
The phosphite ion, PO 3− 3, is a strong base, and so always carries at least one proton. In this case the proton is attached directly to the phosphorus atom with the structure HPO 2− 3. In forming this ion, the phosphite ion is behaving as a Lewis base and donating a pair of electrons to the Lewis acid, H +. Predominance diagram for chromate