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The magnitude of the current in a given loop is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material. When graphed, these circular currents within a piece of metal look vaguely like eddies or whirlpools in a liquid.
Either an electric current is passed through the wire of the coil to generate a magnetic field, or conversely, an external time-varying magnetic field through the interior of the coil generates an EMF in the conductor. A current through any conductor creates a circular magnetic field around the conductor due to Ampere's law. [3]
In more visual terms, the magnetic flux through the wire loop is proportional to the number of magnetic field lines that pass through the loop. When the flux changes—because B changes, or because the wire loop is moved or deformed, or both—Faraday's law of induction says that the wire loop acquires an emf , defined as the energy available ...
In classical electromagnetism, Ampère's circuital law (not to be confused with Ampère's force law) [1] relates the circulation of a magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. James Clerk Maxwell derived it using hydrodynamics in his 1861 published paper "On Physical Lines of Force". [2]
Another loop may contain two passive chart recorders, a passive pressure transmitter, and a 24 V battery (the battery is the active device). Note that a 4-wire instrument has a power-supply input separate from the current loop. Panel mount displays and chart recorders are commonly termed "indicator devices" or "process monitors".
A Solenoid with electric current running through it behaves like a magnet. Bending a current-carrying wire into a loop concentrates the magnetic field inside the loop while weakening it outside. Bending a wire into multiple closely spaced loops to form a coil or "solenoid" enhances this effect.
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A Helmholtz pair consists of two identical circular magnetic coils that are placed symmetrically along a common axis, one on each side of the experimental area, and separated by a distance equal to the radius of the coil. Each coil carries an equal electric current in the same direction. [1]