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While research doctorates require "advanced work beyond the master's level, including the preparation and defense of a dissertation based on original research, or the planning and execution of an original project demonstrating substantial artistic or scholarly achievement", [21] professional doctorates must have a total time to degree ...
Although conferred in English, the degree may be abbreviated in Latin (viz., compare Latin Ed.D. used for either Doctor of Education or Educationis Doctor; and M.D., used for both Medicinae Doctor and Doctor of Medicine, the latter which can also be abbreviated D.M.). Doctor of Juridical Science: S.J.D. An academic, not a professional designation.
Candidate of Sciences (Candidatus scientiarum – CSc., replaced by common Ph.D. in the Czech Republic in 1998 and by PhD. in Slovakia in 1996); Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiae doctor – Ph.D. or PhD., awarded since 1998 and 1996, respectively; requires at least 3–5-year doctoral study and coursework of 120-180 Credits)
The Doctor of Professional Studies (or sometimes awarded as Doctorate in Professional Practice) (most commonly DProf, DProfPrac or ProfD, but also available as DProfSt, [1] ProfD and DPS) is a doctoral degree for experienced professionals who wish to undertake a program that is applied in nature and of practical value to their career. The DProf ...
The M.D. was thus the first entry-level professional degree to be awarded as a purely trade school "doctor" degree in the United States, before the first European-style doctorate, the Ph.D., was awarded by an American institution in 1861, [28] although the M.D. was not established as a post-baccalaureate degree until much later. [29]
These are fields of research-oriented doctoral studies, leading mostly to Ph.D.s – in the academic year 2014–15, 98% of the 55,006 research doctorates awarded in the U.S. were Ph.D.s; 1.1% were Ed.D.s; 0.9% were other research doctorates. [2]
An academic doctorate such as the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a terminal degree for expanding human knowledge through research and dissertation defense. A professional doctorate is a terminal degree for licensure in an occupation, such as the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Juris Doctor (JD), and Doctor of Engineering (EngD). [6]
Doctorate-granting universities are institutions that awarded at least 20 research/scholarly doctorates in the update year (the most recent being a minor update in 2021). Professional doctorates (D.D.S., J.D., M.D., Pharm.D., etc.) are not included in this count but were added as a separate criterion in 2018–19.