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  2. Test cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cross

    The predictions of the combinations of the gametes will be constructed on a Punnett square. [citation needed] In conducting a monohybrid cross, Mendel initiated the experiment with a pair of pea plants exhibiting contrasting traits, one being tall and the other dwarf. Through cross-pollination, the resulting offspring plants manifested the tall ...

  3. Punnett square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punnett_square

    A Punnett square showing a typical test cross. (green pod color is dominant over yellow for pea pods [1] in contrast to pea seeds, where yellow cotyledon color is dominant over green [2]). Punnett squares for each combination of parents' colour vision status giving probabilities of their offsprings' status, each cell having 25% probability in ...

  4. Dihybrid cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihybrid_cross

    Dihybrid crosses are easily visualized using a 4 x 4 Punnett square. In these squares, the dominant traits are uppercase, and the recessive traits of the same characteristic is lowercase. In the following case the example of pea plant seed is chosen. The two characteristics being compared are; Shape: round or wrinkled (Round (R) is dominant)

  5. Sex linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_linkage

    The inheritance and presentation of all three differ depending on the sex of both the parent and the child. This makes them characteristically different from autosomal dominance and recessiveness. There are many more X-linked conditions than Y-linked conditions, since humans have several times as many genes on the X chromosome than the Y ...

  6. Phenotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype

    Here the relation between genotype and phenotype is illustrated, using a Punnett square, for the character of petal color in pea plants. The letters B and b represent genes for color, and the pictures show the resultant phenotypes. This shows how multiple genotypes (BB and Bb) may yield the same phenotype (purple petals).

  7. Three-point cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_cross

    In genetics, a three-point cross is used to determine the loci of three genes in an organism's genome.. An individual heterozygous for three mutations is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, and the phenotypes of the progeny are scored.

  8. US lawmakers seek to halt weapons sales to UAE, citing Sudan

    www.aol.com/news/us-lawmakers-seek-halt-weapons...

    The UAE has denied involvement in military support to any of Sudan's rival parties. War erupted in April 2023 between the Sudanese army and the RSF over a transition to free elections, with tens ...

  9. Reginald Punnett - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Punnett

    Punnett is probably best remembered today as the creator of the Punnett square, a tool still used by biologists to predict the probability of possible genotypes of offspring. His Mendelism (1905) is sometimes said to have been the first textbook on genetics; it was probably the first popular science book to introduce genetics to the public.