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The Portuguese Synagogue has one of the oldest Jewish libraries in the world, filled with original and rare texts and constantly called upon for academic and rabbinical research. It was founded in 1616 and has been housed in the historical complex of the Portuguese Jewish community of Amsterdam since 1675.
By the 1680s, the Portuguese Jewish community of Amsterdam went into decline, in spite of having built a new synagogue, the monumental Esnoga, which was inaugurated in 1675. With the Netherlands experiencing economic difficulty (in part due to loss of New World colonies) some Jews left and immigration slowed.
Exterior of the Portuguese synagogue in Amsterdam, ca. 1695, showing the social context of the wealthy community. by Romeyn de Hooghe. The Dutch provinces provided mostly favorable conditions for observant Jews to establish a community, and to practice their religion privately.
Earlier, the king and the Israeli president visited Amsterdam’s famous Portuguese Synagogue. Herzog hailed the Netherlands's initiative to create a new Holocaust museum amid what he said was ...
Interior of the Portuguese Synagogue, modeled after the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, Amsterdam 1695 by Romeyn de Hooghe. The history of the Jews in Amsterdam focuses on the historical center of the Dutch Jewish community, comprising both Portuguese Jews originally from both Spain and Portugal and Ashkenazi Jews, originally from central Europe.
The Amsterdam Esnoga has been the Sephardic synagogue since 1675. The Portugees-Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (PIK) (Portuguese Israelite Religious Community) is the community for Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands.
These three communities began co-operating more closely in 1622. Eventually, in 1639, they merged to form Talmud Torah, the Portuguese Jewish Community of Amsterdam, which still exists today. The current Portuguese Synagogue, sometimes known as the "Amsterdam Esnoga", was inaugurated in 1675, of which Abraham Cohen Pimentel was the head Rabbi.
Interior of the Portuguese synagogue in Amsterdam, c. 1680. The largest part of Spanish Jews expelled in 1492 fled to Portugal, where they eluded persecution for a few years. The Jewish community in Portugal was perhaps then some 15% of that country's population. [42]
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