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The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia , inhabited by the Picti , whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall .
Early chapels tended to have square-ended converging walls, similar to Irish chapels of this period. [115] Medieval parish church architecture in Scotland was typically much less elaborate than in England, with many churches remaining simple oblongs, without transepts and aisles, and often without towers.
The early history of Pictland is unclear. In later periods, multiple kings ruled over separate kingdoms, with one king, sometimes two, more or less dominating their lesser neighbours. [ 41 ] De Situ Albanie , a 13th century document, the Pictish Chronicle , the 11th century Duan Albanach , along with Irish legends, have been used to argue the ...
This is a timeline of Scottish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Scotland and its predecessor states. See also Timeline of prehistoric Scotland . To read about the background to many of these events, see History of Scotland .
The national literature of Scotland created in the late medieval period employed legend and history in the service of the crown and nationalism, helping to foster a sense of national identity, at least within its elite audience. The epic poetic history of the Brus and Wallace helped outline a narrative of united struggle against the English enemy.
The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ... Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols (Edinburgh, 1922).
From the 5th century on, north Britain was divided into a series of petty kingdoms. Of these, the four most important were those of the Picts in the north-east, the Scots of Dál Riata in the west, the Britons of Strathclyde in the south-west and the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (which united with Deira to form Northumbria in 653) in the south-east, stretching into modern northern England.
The Early Prehistory of Scotland, by Tony Pollard and Alex Morrison, 1996, ISBN 0-585-10420-4 The Later Prehistory of the Western Isles of Scotland , by Ian Armit, 1992, ISBN 0-86054-731-0 Prehistoric Scotland , by Ann MacSween and Mick Sharp, 1989, ISBN 0-7134-6173-X