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Early detection improves treatment success. [2] Glasses may be all the treatment needed for some children. [2] [4] If this is not sufficient, treatments which encourage or force the child to use the weaker eye are used. [1] This is done by either using a patch or putting atropine in the stronger eye. [1] [8] Without treatment, amblyopia ...
In megalopapilla the optic disc diameter exceeds 2.1 mm (or surface area more than 2.5 mm 2 [1]) with an increased cup-to-disc ratio. [2] Although the optic disc is looks abnormal, the disc colour, sharpness of disc margin, rim volume, configuration of blood vessels and intraocular pressure will be normal.
The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in utero. [1] The term was coined in 1970 by Kindler, noting a resemblance of the malformed optic nerve to the morning glory flower. [2] The condition is usually unilateral. [3]
The exact mechanism of optic nerve ischemia in these cases remains unclear, but contributing factors may include hypotension, anemia, hypoxia, and changes in the autoregulation of optic nerve arterial blood flow. The incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy leading to vision loss following general surgeries ranges between 0.1% and 0.002%.
Congenital fourth nerve palsy is a condition present at birth characterized by a vertical misalignment of the eyes due to a weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle. Other names for fourth nerve palsy include superior oblique palsy and trochlear nerve palsy. [ 1 ]
The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
NAION is the second most common optic nerve disease in the U.S., occurring in up to 10 out of 100,000 people, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and it’s one of the most common ...
Another condition that produces similar symptoms is a cranial nerve disease. [3] Treatment depends on the type of strabismus and the underlying cause. [3] This may include the use of glasses and possibly surgery. [3] Some types benefit from early surgery. [3] Strabismus occurs in about 2% of children. [3]