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  2. Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide

    A hot water solution containing 73.1% (mass) of NaOH is a eutectic that solidifies at about 62.63 °C as an intimate mix of anhydrous and monohydrate crystals. [ 21 ] [ 20 ] A second stable eutectic composition is 45.4% (mass) of NaOH, that solidifies at about 4.9 °C into a mixture of crystals of the dihydrate and of the 3.5-hydrate.

  3. Hygroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygroscopy

    Functionally, the hilar valve allows water vapor to enter or exit to ensure viability, while blocking liquid water. If however, humidity levels gradually rise to a high enough level, the hilar valve remains open, allowing liquid water passage for germination. [17] Physiologically, the inner and outer epidermides have independent hilar valve ...

  4. List of water-miscible solvents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_water-miscible...

    The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; they are often used as solvents. Many of them are hygroscopic . Organic compounds

  5. Gate valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_valve

    An electric multi-turn actuator on a gate valve. A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a barrier (gate) out of the path of the fluid. Gate valves require very little space along the pipe axis and hardly restrict the flow of fluid when the gate is fully opened.

  6. List of valves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valves

    Larner–Johnson Valve: needle control valve often in large sizes used in water supply systems; Leaf valve: one-way valve consisting of a diagonal obstruction with an opening covered by a hinged flap; Line blind valve: a thin sheet oriented perpendicular to the pipe. The sheet has a solid end and a flow-through end; sliding it from one position ...

  7. Alkali hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_hydroxide

    Alkali hydroxides are formed in the reaction between alkali metals and water. A typical school demonstration demonstrates what happens when a piece of an alkali metal is introduced to a bowl of water. A vigorous reaction occurs, producing hydrogen gas and the specific alkali hydroxide. For example, if sodium is the alkali metal:

  8. Gate (hydraulic engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_(hydraulic_engineering)

    Within the gate valve, there is a gatelike disk that moves up and down perpendicular to the path of flow and seats against two seat faces to shut off flow. The velocity of the fluid against a partly opened disk may cause vibration and chattering which will ultimately lead to damage to the seating surfaces. This is a common way that gate valves ...

  9. Floodgate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodgate

    Ring jet valves are similar to fixed cone valves, but have an integral collar that discharges water in a narrow stream. They are suitable for heads up to 50 m. They are suitable for heads up to 50 m. Jet flow gate , similar to a gate valve but with a conical restriction prior to the gate leaf that focuses the water into a jet.