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2. Branched-chain amino acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain_amino_acid

   A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [1] Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric acid and alloisoleucine. Leucine ...

3. BCKDK - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCKDK

   BCKDK regulates the activity of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD) through phosphorylation and inactivation. This inactivation results in increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), which is seen to reduce oxidative stress; however, having too much BCAA has been proven to be toxic to humans. Therefore, BCKDK is a vital ...

4. BCKDHA - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCKDHA

   The second major step in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) is catalyzed by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD; EC 1.2.4.4), an inner-mitochondrial enzyme complex that consists of 3 catalytic components: a heterotetrameric (alpha2, beta2) branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), a homo-24-meric dihydrolipoyl ...

5. α-Ketoisocaproic acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Α-Ketoisocaproic_acid

   Leucine is an essential amino acid, and its degradation is critical for many biological duties. [3] α-KIC is produced in one of the first steps of the pathway by branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase by transferring the amine on L-leucine onto alpha ketoglutarate, and replacing that amine with a ketone.

6. Branched chain amino acid exporter family - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched_chain_amino_acid...

   In Corynebacterium glutamicum, BrnFE exports branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine, as well as methionine and homoserine. [3] [5] [8] The greatest induction of BrnFE expression occurs under high methionine concentrations, suggesting that methionine may actually be the native substrate rather than a branched-chain amino acid ...

7. β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Β-hydroxy_β-methylbutyric...

   β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid [note 1] (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS.