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“Testosterone doesn’t drop off like estrogen does—it goes down a linear decline,” says Casperson. “Women in their mid-40s and 50s have half the testosterone that we had in our 20s.”
[190] [196] [197] Conversion of testosterone into DHT by 5α-reductase plays an important role in male reproductive system development and maintenance (specifically of the penis, scrotum, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles), male-pattern facial/body hair growth, and scalp hair loss, but has little role in other aspects of masculinization.
Estrogen can also reduce vaginal atrophy and increase sexual arousal, frequency and orgasm. [22] The effectiveness of hormone replacement can decline in some women after long-term use. [22] A number of studies have also found that the combined effects of estrogen/androgen replacement therapy can increase libido and arousal over estrogen alone. [22]
Before oophorectomy, it is difficult and frequently impractical to fully suppress estrogen levels into the normal male range, especially with exogenous testosterone aromatizing into estrogen, hence why the female ranges are referenced instead. In post-oophorectomy trans men, Israel and colleagues recommend that both testosterone and estrogen ...
Testosterone is an essential hormone for both men and women, playing an important role in muscle growth and cognitive function. Low levels of the hormone can lead to changes in mood, cognition and ...
Testosterone, which is produced in the testicles, naturally declines as you age, Dr. El-Zawahry says. After your 30s or 40s, you can expect it to drop about 1 percent to 3 percent a year. Aging is ...
Although all preparations of a given type of estrogen may be molecularly identical before their introduction into the human body, estrogens administered orally are modified by the liver before entering the bloodstream and most of it is converted to estrone; estrogen bypassing the digestive tract and liver via the skin is not converted to a new ...
While estrogen levels are significantly lower in males than in females, estrogens nevertheless have important physiological roles in males. [7] Like all steroid hormones, estrogens readily diffuse across the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, they bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ERs) which in turn modulate the expression of many ...
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