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High harmonics have a number of interesting properties. They are a tunable table-top source of XUV/soft X-rays, synchronised with the driving laser and produced with the same repetition rate. The harmonic cut-off varies linearly with increasing laser intensity up until the saturation intensity I sat where harmonic generation stops. [9]
Similarly, in Indium, there exists a strong transition 4d 10 5s 2 → 4d 9 5s 2 5p at 19.92 eV with a high gf value of 1.11. [10] The energy of this transition corresponds to 13th harmonic with 800 nm excitation wavelength. This enhancement in a particular harmonic order is most commonly known as Resonant High Harmonic Generation (RH).
High harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear process where intense laser radiation is converted from one fixed frequency to high harmonics of that frequency by ionization and recollision of an electron. It was first observed in 1987 by McPherson et al. who successfully generated harmonic emission up to the 17th order at 248 nm in neon gas. [3]
EUV is naturally generated by the solar corona and artificially by plasma, high harmonic generation sources and synchrotron light sources. Since UVC extends to 100 nm, there is some overlap in the terms. The main uses of extreme ultraviolet radiation are photoelectron spectroscopy, solar imaging, and lithography.
Toggle the table of contents. Hardnesses of the elements (data page) 10 languages. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance.
Spectroscopy in chemistry and physics, a method of analyzing the properties of matter from their electromagnetic interactions Spectral estimation , in statistics and signal processing, an algorithm that estimates the strength of different frequency components (the power spectrum) of a time-domain signal.
Different materials have different saturation levels. For example, high permeability iron alloys used in transformers reach magnetic saturation at 1.6–2.2 teslas (T), [4] whereas ferrites saturate at 0.2–0.5 T. [5] Some amorphous alloys saturate at 1.2–1.3 T. [6] Mu-metal saturates at around 0.8 T. [7] [8]
This is because in second-harmonic generation, only one input light beam is required, but if , two simultaneous beams are required, which can be more difficult to arrange. In practice, the term "sum-frequency generation" usually refers to the less common case in which ω 1 ≠ ω 2 {\displaystyle \omega _{1}\neq \omega _{2}} .