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High harmonics have a number of interesting properties. They are a tunable table-top source of XUV/soft X-rays, synchronised with the driving laser and produced with the same repetition rate. The harmonic cut-off varies linearly with increasing laser intensity up until the saturation intensity I sat where harmonic generation stops. [9]
Different materials have different saturation levels. For example, high permeability iron alloys used in transformers reach magnetic saturation at 1.6–2.2 teslas (T), [4] whereas ferrites saturate at 0.2–0.5 T. [5] Some amorphous alloys saturate at 1.2–1.3 T. [6] Mu-metal saturates at around 0.8 T. [7] [8]
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EUV is naturally generated by the solar corona and artificially by plasma, high harmonic generation sources and synchrotron light sources. Since UVC extends to 100 nm, there is some overlap in the terms. The main uses of extreme ultraviolet radiation are photoelectron spectroscopy, solar imaging, and lithography.
Spectroscopy in chemistry and physics, a method of analyzing the properties of matter from their electromagnetic interactions Spectral estimation , in statistics and signal processing, an algorithm that estimates the strength of different frequency components (the power spectrum) of a time-domain signal.
Similarly, in Indium, there exists a strong transition 4d 10 5s 2 → 4d 9 5s 2 5p at 19.92 eV with a high gf value of 1.11. [10] The energy of this transition corresponds to 13th harmonic with 800 nm excitation wavelength. This enhancement in a particular harmonic order is most commonly known as Resonant High Harmonic Generation (RH).
It can also lose energy due to scattering into free-space or into other directions. The electric field falls off evanescently perpendicular to the metal surface. At low frequencies, the SPP penetration depth into the metal is commonly approximated using the skin depth formula. In the dielectric, the field will fall off far more slowly.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors. X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.