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  2. Bloom's taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_taxonomy

    Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals, developed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. It was first introduced in the publication Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. The taxonomy divides learning objectives into three broad domains: cognitive ...

  3. Higher-order thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_thinking

    Higher-order thinking, also known as higher order thinking skills (HOTS), [1] is a concept applied in relation to education reform and based on learning taxonomies (such as American psychologist Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy). The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits.

  4. Benjamin Bloom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Bloom

    Benjamin Samuel Bloom (February 21, 1913 – September 13, 1999) was an American educational psychologist who made contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery learning.

  5. Educational aims and objectives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Educational_aims_and_objectives

    Bloom's taxonomy; Structure of observed learning outcome (SOLO) DIKW pyramid; Model of hierarchical complexity; In some organisations the term learning outcome is used in the part of a course description where aims are normally found. [5] [6] One can equate aims to intended learning outcomes and objectives to measured learning outcomes.

  6. Bloom's 2 sigma problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_2_Sigma_Problem

    Bloom thus challenged researchers and teachers to "find methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring". [ 1 ] : 15 Bloom's graduate students Joanne Anania and Arthur J. Burke conducted studies of the effect at different grade levels and in different schools, observing students with "great differences in cognitive achievement ...

  7. Mastery learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastery_learning

    The motivation for mastery learning comes from trying to reduce achievement gaps for students in average school classrooms. During the 1960s John B. Carroll and Benjamin S. Bloom pointed out that, if students are normally distributed with respect to aptitude for a subject and if they are provided uniform instruction (in terms of quality and learning time), then achievement level at completion ...

  8. David Krathwohl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Krathwohl

    David Reading Krathwohl (May 14, 1921 – October 13, 2016) was an American educational psychologist.He was the director of the Bureau of Educational Research at Michigan State University and was also a past president of the American Educational Research Association, where he served in multiple capacities, as a member of the research advisory committee for the Bureau of Research of the USOE ...

  9. Instructional theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_theory

    Originating in the United States in the late 1970s, instructional theory is influenced by three basic theories in educational thought: behaviorism, the theory that helps us understand how people conform to predetermined standards; cognitivism, the theory that learning occurs through mental associations; and constructivism, the theory explores the value of human activity as a critical function ...