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Statement bias (also known as tonality bias [13] or presentation bias), [21] when media coverage is slanted towards or against particular actors or issues. [ 14 ] Structural bias, when an actor or issue receives more or less favorable coverage as a result of newsworthiness and media routines, not as the result of ideological decisions [ 27 ...
False balance, known colloquially as bothsidesism, is a media bias in which journalists present an issue as being more balanced between opposing viewpoints than the evidence supports. Journalists may present evidence and arguments out of proportion to the actual evidence for each side, or may omit information that would establish one side's ...
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information.
Confirmation bias, a phrase coined by English psychologist Peter Wason, is the tendency of people to favor information that confirms or strengthens their beliefs or values and is difficult to dislodge once affirmed.
Accordingly, to the extent that the small sample of evidence and argument featured in a media presentation seems unrepresentative of this larger "population" of information, perceivers will charge bias in the presentation and will be likely to infer hostility and bias on the part of those responsible for it. [16]
Therefore, IDT is based on two-way communication and intended to describe deception as an interaction communicative process. [14] In other words, deception is an interpersonal communication method that required the active participation of both the deceiver and receiver.
Some academics in fields like media studies, journalism, communication, political science and economics have looked at bias of the news media in the United States as a component of their research. [1] In addition to bias, academics and others also evaluate factors like media reliability and overall press freedom.
Linguistic Intergroup Bias is a term coined by Anne Maass to describe a type of language bias which can perpetuate stereotypes.The model is based on the idea that people tend to use abstract language to describe actions which they believe to be stereotypical of a certain group, and concrete language to describe unusual or uncharacteristic behavior.