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Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
Structure and properties ... Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor ...
Toggle the table of contents. List of boiling and freezing information of solvents. ... Acetonitrile: 0.78 81.6 −45 [8] Heptane: 98.4 [9]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
3.1 Properties table of common solvents. ... This arrangement is mediated by the respective chemical properties of the solvent and ... Acetonitrile 0.786 Ethanol 0. ...
The donor number is a measure of the ability of a solvent to solvate cations and Lewis acids. The method was developed by V. Gutmann in 1976. [2] Likewise Lewis acids are characterized by acceptor numbers (AN, see Gutmann–Beckett method). Typical solvent values are: [3] acetonitrile 14.1 kcal/mol (59.0 kJ/mol) acetone 17 kcal/mol (71 kJ/mol)
In the table above, it can be seen that water is the most polar-solvent, followed by DMSO, and then acetonitrile. Consider the following acid dissociation equilibrium: HA ⇌ A − + H + Water, being the most polar-solvent listed above, stabilizes the ionized species to a greater extent than does DMSO or Acetonitrile.
Acetonitrile is less basic than DMSO, and, so, in general, acids are weaker and bases are stronger in this solvent. Some pK a values at 25 °C for acetonitrile (ACN) [37] [38] [39] and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). [40] are shown in the following tables. Values for water are included for comparison.
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