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As a result, niobium's chemical properties are very similar to those for tantalum, which appears directly below niobium in the periodic table. [21] Although its corrosion resistance is not as outstanding as that of tantalum, the lower price and greater availability make niobium attractive for less demanding applications, such as vat linings in ...
Niobium monoxide (niobium(II) oxide), NbO; Niobium dioxide (niobium(IV) oxide), NbO 2; Niobium pentoxide (niobium(V) oxide), Nb 2 O 5; In addition to the above, other distinct oxides exist general formula Nb 3n+1 O 8n−2 where n ranges from 5 - 8 inclusive, e.g. Nb 8 O 19 (Nb 16 O 38). [2] Nb 12 O 29 and Nb 47 O 116; Natural niobium oxide is ...
The definition of which elements belong to this group differs. The most common definition includes five elements: two of the fifth period (niobium and molybdenum) and three of the sixth period (tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium). They all share some properties, including a melting point above 2000 °C and high hardness at room temperature. They ...
Niobium carbide (Nb C and Nb 2 C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering and is a frequent additive as grain growth inhibitor in cemented carbides. It has the appearance of a brown-gray metallic powder with purple lustre. It is highly corrosion ...
Niobium pentoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Nb 2 O 5. A colorless, insoluble, and fairly unreactive solid, it is the most widespread precursor for other compounds and materials containing niobium. It is predominantly used in alloying, with other specialized applications in capacitors, optical glasses, and the production of ...
Niobium becomes a superconductor at cryogenic temperatures. At atmospheric pressure, it has the highest critical temperature of the elemental superconductors at 9.2 K. [66] Niobium has the greatest magnetic penetration depth of any element. [66] In addition, it is one of the three elemental Type II superconductors, along with vanadium and ...
Niobium-1% zirconium is used in rocketry and in the nuclear industry. It is regarded as a low-strength alloy. [1] [2]C-103, which is 89% Nb, 10% Hf and 1% Ti, is used for the rocket nozzle of the Apollo service module and the Merlin vacuum [3] engines; it is regarded as a medium-strength alloy.
NbO adopts an unusual cubic structure, similar to the rock salt structure but with some missing atoms compared to it, so that both niobium and oxygen atoms have square planar coordination geometries. The niobium centers are arranged in octahedra, and there is a structural similarity to the octahedral niobium clusters in lower halides of niobium.