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Durum – Hard, translucent, light-coloured grain used to make semolina flour for pasta and bulghur; high in protein, specifically, gluten protein. [75] [76] Hard Red Spring – Hard, brownish, high-protein wheat used for bread and hard baked goods. Bread flour and high-gluten flours are commonly made from hard red spring wheat.
To produce refined (white) wheat flour, [4] grain is usually tempered, i.e. moisture added to the grain, before milling, to optimize milling efficiency.This softens the starchy "endosperm" portion of the wheat kernel, which will be separated out in the milling process to produce what is known to consumers as white flour.
Common wheat was first domesticated in West Asia during the early Holocene, and spread from there to North Africa, Europe and East Asia in the prehistoric period. [citation needed] Naked wheats (including Triticum aestivum, T. durum, and T. turgidum) were found in Roman burial sites ranging from 100 BCE to 300 CE.
Common wheat flour (T. aestivum) is the flour most often used for making bread. Durum wheat flour (T. durum) is the second most used. [22] Maida flour is a finely milled wheat flour used to make a wide variety of Indian breads such as paratha and naan. Maida is widely used not only in Indian cuisine but also in Central Asian and Southeast Asian ...
Of wheat grown in the United States, 36% percent is consumed domestically by humans, 50% is exported, 10% is used for livestock feed, and 4% is used for seedlings. [16] Various American-style wheat beers are produced in the US. [ 17 ]
Durum wheat [2] (/ ˈ dj ʊər ə m /), also called pasta wheat [3] or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), [4] is a tetraploid species of wheat. [5] It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production. [6]
They are used to make flour for yeast breads, or are blended with soft spring wheats to make the all-purpose flour used in a wide variety of baked products. Pure soft wheat is used for specialty or cake flour. Durum, the hardest wheat, is primarily used for making pasta. Almost all durum wheat grown in North America is spring-planted. [2]
Cereals can be ground to make flour. Wheat flour is the main ingredient of bread and pasta. [65] [66] [67] ... Its flour is often used to make injera.