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The extract is an emulsion of kavalactone droplets in starch. The taste is slightly pungent, while the distinctive aroma depends on whether it was prepared from dry or fresh plant, and on the variety. The colour is grey to tan to opaque greenish. Kava prepared as described above is much more potent than processed kava.
Kava extract interacts with many pharmaceuticals and herbal medications. In human volunteers, in vivo inhibition includes CYP1A2 [ 5 ] and CYP2E1 [ 6 ] through use of probe drugs to measure inhibition.
Kavain has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels. [1] How this effect is mediated, and to what extent this mechanism is involved in the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of kavalactones on the central nervous system, is unknown.
Yangonin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant. [1] It has been shown to possess binding affinity for the cannabinoid receptor CB 1 (K i = 0.72 μM), and selectivity vs. the CB 2 receptor (K i >10 μM) where it behaves as an agonist.
Methysticin is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant. [1] Research suggests that methysticin and the related compound dihydromethysticin have CYP1A1 inducing effects which may be responsible for their toxicity. [2]
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