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  2. Bankruptcy in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_the_United...

    Originally, bankruptcy in the United States, as nearly all matters directly concerning individual citizens, was a subject of state law. However, there were several short-lived federal bankruptcy laws before the Act of 1898: the Bankruptcy Act of 1800, [3] which was repealed in 1803; the Act of 1841, [4] which was repealed in 1843; and the Act of 1867, [5] which was amended in 1874 [6] and ...

  3. Chapter 13, Title 11, United States Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_13,_Title_11...

    As a Chapter 11 bankruptcy is considerably more complex and expensive than a Chapter 13 case, few debtors will choose Chapter 11 if a Chapter 13 bankruptcy is an option. Debtors may also be forced into bankruptcy by creditors in the case of an involuntary bankruptcy, but only under Chapters 7 or 11. However, in most instances, the debtor may ...

  4. Bankruptcy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy

    Bankruptcy in the United States is a matter placed under federal jurisdiction by the United States Constitution (in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 4), which empowers Congress to enact "uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States".

  5. Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of...

    v. t. e. The Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure (abbreviated Fed. R. Bankr. P. or FRBP) are a set of rules promulgated by the Supreme Court of the United States under the Rules Enabling Act, directing procedures in the United States bankruptcy courts. They are the bankruptcy law counterpart to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

  6. Article Four of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United...

    e. Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government. It also empowers Congress to admit new states and administer the territories and other federal lands. The Full Faith and Credit Clause requires states to ...

  7. Cram down - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cram_down

    In the mortgage context, the term "cramdown" has a distinct meaning than in a chapter 11 corporate bankruptcy. Instead of referring to the confirmation of a plan over the objection of an impaired class of creditors, a mortgage cram-down refers to reducing the creditor's allowed secured claim to the value of the collateral property.

  8. Toibb v. Radloff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toibb_v._Radloff

    Toibb v. Radloff, 501 U.S. 157 (1991), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that individuals are eligible to file for relief under the reorganization provisions of chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, even if they are not engaged in a business. [1] The case overturned the lower courts ruling which restricted ...

  9. Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11...

    Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as Chapter 11 bankruptcy, is available to every business, whether organized as a corporation, partnership or sole proprietorship, and to individuals, although it is most prominently used by corporate entities. [1]