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A map of medieval universities. The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. [7] [8] For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools (scholae monasticae), where monks and nuns taught classes.
European universities date from the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088 or the University of Paris (c. 1150–70). The original medieval universities arose from the Roman Catholic Church schools. Their purposes included training professionals, scientific investigation, improving society, and teaching critical thinking and research.
List of medieval universities. Mob Quad, late medieval quarters of Merton College, University of Oxford. Bologna University in Italy, established in 1088 A.D., is the world's oldest university in continuous operation. Established in 1224 by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, University of Naples Federico II in Italy is the world's oldest state ...
This list quickly grew as new universities were founded throughout Europe. As early as the 13th century, scholars from a Studium Generale were encouraged to give lecture courses at other institutes across Europe and to share documents, and this led to the current academic culture seen in modern European universities.
A 1911 map of medieval universities in Europe. The University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy, founded in 1088, the world's oldest university in continuous operation [ 1 ] A dining hall at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, the world's second-oldest university and oldest in the English-speaking world. A partial view of the University of ...
The University of Pécs (Hungarian: Pécsi Tudományegyetem, PTE; Latin: Universitas Quinqueecclesiensis) is one of the largest higher education institutions in Hungary. The history of the university began in the Middle Ages, when in 1367, at the request of King Louis I the Great, Pope Urban V granted permission to found the institution.
The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen (German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, commonly referred to as Georgia Augusta), is a distinguished public research university in the city of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, it ...
The University of Bologna (Italian: Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, abbreviated Unibo) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy.Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students (universitas scholarium) by the late 12th century, [4] it is the oldest university in continuous operation in the world, and the first degree-awarding ...