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1912 Ukrainian version of the alleged correspondence in Mykola Arkas's History of Ukraine–Rus '. The Correspondence between the Ottoman sultan and the Cossacks, [1] also variously known as the Correspondence between the Cossacks and the Ottoman/Turkish sultan, [1] is a collection of apocryphal letters claiming to be between a sultan of the Ottoman Empire (usually identified as Mehmed IV [2 ...
The Catholic Church had long been advocating for a crusade against the Ottomans, and with the end of both the Hungarian civil war and a nearly simultaneous one in Byzantium, they were able to begin negotiations and planning realistically. The impetus required to turn the plans into action was provided by Hunyadi between 1441–1442.
Extract from a January 1919 British Foreign Office memorandum summarizing the wartime agreements regarding the Ottoman Empire - the Constantinople Agreement area ceded to Russia is in yellow. The Constantinople Agreement (also known as the Straits Agreement ) was a secret exchange of diplomatic correspondence between members of the Triple ...
The Battle of Varna took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna in what is today eastern Bulgaria.The Ottoman army under Sultan Murad II (who did not actually rule the sultanate at the time) defeated the Crusaders commanded by King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary, John Hunyadi (acting as commander of the combined Christian forces) and Mircea II of Wallachia.
Turkish-Tatar army launched their campaign into the Sich once the rivers froze, at night to avoid getting detected. However, they were noticed by a Cossack named Shevchuk or Chefchika, who alerted his comrades, and made the presence of intruders in the Sich known to the other 150–350 Cossacks, which allowed them to react on time and equip their guns.
In order to prevent the despots from assisting Constantinople, in October 1452, Turahan led a large force into the Morea, broke through the Hexamilion, crisscrossed the peninsula almost at will, and wintered there. [40] [41] [42] The only Byzantine success was the defeat and capture of Turahan's son Ahmed by Matthew Palaiologos Asen. [41] [42]
The Ottomans combined several different fighting methods and technologies. These Sipahis were exactly unique for western knights due to their weapons and battlefield experiments. [citation needed] Ottoman rule was auspicious to the Anatolian commoner due to the aforementioned Byzantine taxes. Thus, they were able to levy vast numbers of willing ...
In 1593 a strange letter in Italian language was sent to Pope in which "elders from Albania" requested the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Poland to "move" against the Ottomans. [30] Komulović was instructed to first travel to Venice to establish contacts with Albanians . [ 17 ]