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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses. [10] It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . [ 10 ] This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet and mouth and occasionally buttocks and groin.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, also known as HFMD, is a highly contagious virus. It's not the same as foot-and-mouth disease, which often occurs in animals. This one is similar in how it spreads ...
The incubation period for FMD virus has a range between one and 12 days. [12] [13] The disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two to three days, blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and to drooling, and blisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness.
However, in certain cases, the cause remains unknown. Athletes, especially runners, may be more likely to experience toenail involvement. [10] A portion of patients have onychomadesis recurrently without an obvious cause. [11] One of the most frequent causes of single-digit onychomadesis is local damage to the nail bed. [12]
The 1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak is a hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreak from April until June caused by the Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) affecting 600 children in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. [1] [2] Sarawak is the first state in Malaysia that reported HFMD outbreak. An estimated 28 to 31 of the infected children died as a result.
[6] [7] Since then, recurrent cyclical epidemics of HFMD have occurred in the country every two to three years. [6] While the root cause behind the recurrence of the disease remains a mystery, another factor that has been identified as increasing the spread of the disease among children is travel to neighbouring countries with high infection ...
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
In general, viral infections are systemic. This means they involve many different parts of the body or more than one body system at the same time; i.e. a runny nose, sinus congestion, cough, body aches etc. They can be local at times as in viral conjunctivitis or "pink eye" and herpes. Only a few viral infections are painful, like herpes. The ...