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Libertarian socialism, sometimes called left-libertarianism, [221] [222] social anarchism [223] [224] and socialist libertarianism, [225] is a political philosophy within the socialist movement that reject the view of socialism as state ownership or command of the means of production [226] within a more general criticism of the state form ...
This concentration of power has led to concerns that Xi's actions might be undermining essential party norms and pushing China toward a more personalistic dictatorship, a notion reinforced by the party machine and state media's vigorous promotion of his image and authority through various channels such as publishing his speeches and writings ...
Anocracy, or semi-democracy, [1] is a form of government that is loosely defined as part democracy and part dictatorship, [2] [3] or as a "regime that mixes democratic with autocratic features". [3] Another definition classifies anocracy as "a regime that permits some means of participation through opposition group behavior but that has ...
While exploiting the authority and resources of the state, [inverted totalitarianism] gains its dynamic by combining with other forms of power, such as evangelical religions, and most notably by encouraging a symbiotic relationship between traditional government and the system of "private" governance represented by the modern business corporation.
Finding this balance between transgressing autonomy and dangerous accumulation of power could prove difficult, and associationalism appeared to be a possible solution. [8] Associationalism brought together several political ideologies which, until its conception, were frequently at odds: pluralism, socialism, and cooperative mutualism. It ...
The theory of people's democracy underwent a considerable change. In its initial conception, the theory stated that the newly emerging Soviet-aligned states were totally different in character than the USSR, whereas by its later conception they were quite similar to the Soviet model. [9] The reason for this change is debatable.
Tucker noted that the fact that the authoritarian "State Socialism has overshadowed other forms of Socialism gives it no right to a monopoly of the Socialistic idea". [196] According to Tucker, what those two schools of socialism had in common was the labor theory of value and the ends, by which anarchism pursued different means. [197]
The Marxist view of socialism served as a point of reference during the socialist calculation debate. Marx himself did not use the term socialism to refer to this development. Instead, Marx called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. [8] The term socialism was popularized during the Russian Revolution by Vladimir ...