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Occasionally, during pregnancy, there is a single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord, as opposed to the usual two. [1] This is sometimes also called a two-vessel umbilical cord, or two-vessel cord. Approximately, this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality.
In velamentous cord insertion, the vessels of the umbilical cord are improperly inserted in the chorioamniotic membrane, and hence the vessels traverse between the amnion and the chorion towards the placenta. [1] [11] Without Wharton's jelly protecting the vessels, the exposed vessels are susceptible to compression and rupture. [1] [9]
The umbilical arteries are actually the anterior division of the internal iliac arteries, and retain part of this function after birth. [3] The umbilical arteries are one of two arteries in the human body, that carry deoxygenated blood, the other being the pulmonary arteries. The pressure inside the umbilical artery is approximately 50 mmHg. [4 ...
Umbilical cord compression can result from, for example, entanglement of the cord, [16] a knot in the cord, [16] or a nuchal cord, [16] (which is the wrapping of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck) [17] but these conditions do not always cause obstruction of fetal circulation.
A documented case of puncturing a single umbilical artery during PUBS resulted in a decrease in the heart rate of the fetus with irregular improvement; [30] however, it is difficult to conclude that these symptoms were solely the result of the punctured umbilical artery because these fetuses often have preexisting defects and abnormalities ...
After fatigue and sleep problems, shortness of breath is the most common heart attack warning sign in women. In one study on 515 women ages 29 to 97 who had heart attacks, shortness of breath ...
NHS England currently cites evidence which suggests that for babies born before 34 weeks, delaying the clamping of the cord for a minimum of 60 seconds after birth reduces death by nearly a third.
Symptoms generally include heavy bleeding from the vagina that doesn't slow or stop over time. [11] Initially there may be an increased heart rate, feeling faint upon standing, and an increased respiratory rate. [1] As more blood is lost, the patient may feel cold, blood pressure may drop, and they may become unconscious. [1]