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Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure in order to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle. [1] Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compartment syndrome. It is also sometimes used to treat chronic compartment stress syndrome.
A study showed the fasciotomy rate for acute compartment syndrome ranges from 2% to 24%. [19] The key factor in acute compartment syndrome is the time to diagnosis and fasciotomy. [12] A missed or late diagnosis may require limb amputation to survive. [63] [13] After a fasciotomy, some symptoms may be permanent. [13]
Fasciotomy – Surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle; Heller myotomy – Muscles of the cardia (lower oesophageal sphincter or LOS) are cut, allowing food and liquids to pass to the stomach
-otomy or -tomy : surgical incision (see List of -otomies)-pexy : to fix or secure-plasty : to modify or reshape (sometimes entails replacement with a prosthesis), from the Ancient Greek πλάστος, plástos, meaning "molded".-rrhaphy : to strengthen, usually with suture
a) Fasciotomy and b) Escharotomy in a child with third degree burns. A motorized dermatome is used to make the incisons. An escharotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat full-thickness (third-degree) circumferential burns. In full-thickness burns, both the epidermis and the dermis are destroyed along with sensory nerves in the dermis.
Often, multiple incisions are made and left open until the swelling has reduced. At that point, the incisions are closed, often requiring debridement (removal of non-viable tissue) and skin grafting in the process. [23] The need for fasciotomy may be decreased if mannitol is used, as it can relieve muscle swelling directly. [25] [26]
A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
The thickness of the fascia can give problems when any inflammation present in the leg has little room to expand into. Blood vessels and nerves can also be affected by the pressure caused by any swelling in the leg. If the pressure becomes great enough, blood flow to the muscle can be blocked, leading to a condition known as compartment ...