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On some systems, like MPE/iX, the lowest available PID is used, sometimes in an effort to minimize the number of process information kernel pages in memory. The current process ID is provided by a getpid() system call, [8] or as a variable $$ in shell. The process ID of a parent process is obtainable by a getppid() system call. [9]
pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3]. It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid. It can also be installed in other Unix systems. In BSD systems, a similar output is created using ps -d, in Linux ps axjf [4] produces ...
The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes , or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem . [ 1 ]
(For example, the "e" or "-e" option will display environment variables.) On such systems, ps commonly runs with the non-standard options aux , where "a" lists all processes on a terminal , including those of other users, "x" lists all processes without controlling terminals and "u" adds a column for the controlling user for each process.
Instead, the system simply redefines the "parent PID" field in the child process's data to be the process that is the "ancestor" of every other process in the system, whose PID generally has the value of 1 (one), and whose name is traditionally "init" (except in the Linux kernel 3.4 and above [more info below]).
The process id is particularly relevant since it is often used to cross-reference the tables defined above, e.g. showing which process is using which I/O devices, or memory areas. Process state data define the status of a process when it is suspended, allowing the OS to restart it later. This always includes the content of general-purpose CPU ...
The proc filesystem (procfs) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.
In computing, tasklist is a command available in Microsoft Windows [1] and in the AROS shell. [2] It is equivalent to the ps command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems and can also be compared with the Windows task manager . Windows NT 4.0, the Windows 98 Resource Kit, the Windows 2000 Support Tools, and ReactOS [3] include the similar ...