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  2. Series and parallel circuits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits

    A series circuit with a voltage source (such as a battery, or in this case a cell) and three resistance units. Two-terminal components and electrical networks can be connected in series or parallel. The resulting electrical network will have two terminals, and itself can participate in a series or parallel topology.

  3. RLC circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLC_circuit

    Series RL, parallel C circuit with resistance in series with the inductor is the standard model for a self-resonant inductor. A series resistor with the inductor in a parallel LC circuit as shown in Figure 4 is a topology commonly encountered where there is a need to take into account the resistance of the coil winding and its self-capacitance.

  4. Norton's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton's_theorem

    This is equivalent to calculating the Thevenin resistance. When there are dependent sources, the more general method must be used. The voltage at the terminals is calculated for an injection of a 1 ampere test current at the terminals. This voltage divided by the 1 A current is the Norton impedance R no (in ohms). This method must be used if ...

  5. RC circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit

    Parallel RC circuit. The parallel RC circuit is generally of less interest than the series circuit. This is largely because the output voltage V out is equal to the input voltage V in — as a result, this circuit does not act as a filter on the input signal unless fed by a current source. With complex impedances:

  6. Ohm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law

    Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [1] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [2]

  7. Electrical resistivity and conductivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and...

    Even if the material's resistivity is known, calculating the resistance of something made from it may, in some cases, be much more complicated than the formula = / above. One example is spreading resistance profiling , where the material is inhomogeneous (different resistivity in different places), and the exact paths of current flow are not ...

  8. RL circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RL_circuit

    A resistor–inductor circuit (RL circuit), or RL filter or RL network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and inductors driven by a voltage or current source. [1] A first-order RL circuit is composed of one resistor and one inductor, either in series driven by a voltage source or in parallel driven by a current source.

  9. RC time constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_time_constant

    where resistance in ohms and capacitance in farads yields the time constant in seconds or the cutoff frequency in hertz (Hz). The cutoff frequency when expressed as an angular frequency ( ω c = 2 π f c ) {\displaystyle (\omega _{c}{=}2\pi f_{c})} is simply the reciprocal of the time constant.