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This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Object-oriented programming – uses data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions (objects) to design programs Class-based – object-oriented programming in which inheritance is achieved by defining classes of objects, versus the objects themselves
Some languages support only one paradigm. For example, Smalltalk supports object-oriented and Haskell supports functional. Most languages support multiple paradigms. For example, a program written in C++, Object Pascal, or PHP can be purely procedural, purely object-oriented, or can contain aspects of both paradigms, or others.
Wolfram Language: No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1988 Kotlin: No Lazy delegation [78] and Sequence [79] Static Yes No Yes No Yes 2011 Swift: No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting, which differs from tracing garbage collection but is designed to provide similar benefits with better performance. 2014 Julia: No No ...
PHP (imperative, object-oriented, functional (can't be purely functional)) Pike (interpreted, general-purpose, high-level, cross-platform, dynamic programming language ) Prograph (dataflow, object-oriented (class-based), visual)
Many object-oriented design patterns are expressible in functional programming terms: for example, the strategy pattern simply dictates use of a higher-order function, and the visitor pattern roughly corresponds to a catamorphism, or fold.
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [1] For example, C++ is a multi-paradigm language including OOP; [2] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [3] and Ruby. [4]
Since the 2010s, a new generation of languages with pure functional prototypes has appeared, that reduce OOP to its very core: Jsonnet is a dynamic lazy pure functional language with a builtin prototype object system using mixin inheritance; Nix is a dynamic lazy pure functional language that builds an equivalent object system (Nix "extensions ...