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Description: Blue lines indicate vapor quality, mass percentage in the saturated mixture that is in gas phase . Black lines indicate pressure in pounds per square inch . Grey lines indicate specific volume in square feet per pound-mass of steam
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [2] A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar , and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius . [ 3 ]
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The heat content of an ideal gas is independent of pressure (or volume), but the heat content of real gases varies with pressure, hence the need to define the state for the gas (real or ideal) and the pressure. Note that for some thermodynamic databases such as for steam, the reference temperature is 273.15 K (0 °C).
When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston type engines and steam turbines, which are a sub-group of steam engines.
For temperature range: 173.15 K to 273.15 K or equivalently −100 °C to 0 °C At triple point. An important basic value, which is not registered in the table, is the saturated vapor pressure at the triple point of water. The internationally accepted value according to measurements of Guildner, Johnson and Jones (1976) amounts to:
Superheated steam was widely used in main line steam locomotives. Saturated steam has three main disadvantages in a steam engine: it contains small droplets of water which have to be periodically drained from the cylinders; being precisely at the boiling point of water for the boiler pressure in use, it inevitably condenses to some extent in the steam pipes and cylinders outside the boiler ...
This pressure is given by the saturated vapour pressure, and can be looked up in steam tables, or calculated. [9] As a guide, the saturated vapour pressure at 121 °C is 200 kPa, 150 °C is 470 kPa, and 200 °C is 1550 kPa. The critical point is 21.7 MPa at a temperature of 374 °C, above which water is supercritical rather than superheated ...