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The Book of Kells, c. AD 800, is lettered in a script known as "insular majuscule", a variety of uncial script that originated in Ireland. Uncial is a majuscule [1] script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. [2] Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as ...
The script was used between the 1st century and the 9th century, most often between the 4th and 6th centuries. After the 5th century, rustic capitals began to fall out of use, but they continued to be used as a display script in titles and headings, along with uncial as the script of the main text.
It developed from uncial script, and shares many features of uncial, especially an uncial form of the letter g . Evolution from Visigothic Zet Ꝣ to modern Ç Other features of the script include an open-top a (very similar to the letter u ), similar shapes for the letters r and s , and a long letter i resembling the modern letter l .
The term "Insular script" is used to refer to a diverse family of scripts used for different functions. At the top of the hierarchy was the Insular half-uncial (or "Insular majuscule"), used for important documents and sacred text. The full uncial, in a version called "English
Lombardic capitals is the name given to a type of decorative uppercase letter used in inscriptions and, typically, at the start of a section of text in medieval manuscripts. [1] They are characterized by their rounded forms with thick, curved stems. Paul Shaw describes the style as a "relative" of uncial writing. [2]
The Corbie type as used in the 8th century, was based on uncial and the Luxeuil type, but was also similar to half-uncial and insular script, with elements of Roman cursive. It is sometimes called "eN-type", as the letter e has a high, open upper loop, and the uncial form of the letter n (resembling majuscule N ) is very frequently used.
Gaelic type (sometimes called Irish character, Irish type, or Gaelic script) is a family of Insular script typefaces devised for printing Early Modern Irish. It was widely used from the 16th century until the mid-18th century in Scotland and the mid-20th century in Ireland, but is now rarely used.
A minim is the basic stroke for the letters i, m, n, and u in uncial script and later scripts deriving from it. Parts of other letters are based on minims as well: when a minim is extended above the line, it becomes an ascender , as in the letters d and b, and when it is extended below the line, it becomes a descender , as in the letters p and q.