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A drawing of a butterfly with bilateral symmetry, with left and right sides as mirror images of each other.. In geometry, an object has symmetry if there is an operation or transformation (such as translation, scaling, rotation or reflection) that maps the figure/object onto itself (i.e., the object has an invariance under the transform). [1]
Kites of two shapes (one convex and one non-convex) form the prototiles of one of the forms of the Penrose tiling. Kites also form the faces of several face-symmetric polyhedra and tessellations , and have been studied in connection with outer billiards , a problem in the advanced mathematics of dynamical systems .
An object has reflectional symmetry (line or mirror symmetry) if there is a line (or in 3D a plane) going through it which divides it into two pieces that are mirror images of each other. [6] An object has rotational symmetry if the object can be rotated about a fixed point (or in 3D about a line) without changing the overall shape. [7]
Symmetries of a regular hendecagon. Vertices are colored by their symmetry positions. Blue mirror lines are drawn through vertices and edge. Gyration orders are given in the center. The regular hendecagon has Dih 11 symmetry, order 22. Since 11 is a prime number there is one subgroup with dihedral symmetry: Dih 1, and 2 cyclic group symmetries ...
Symmetries of a regular pentagon. Vertices are colored by their symmetry positions. Blue mirror lines are drawn through vertices and edges. Gyration orders are given in the center. The regular pentagon has Dih 5 symmetry, order 10. Since 5 is a prime number there is one subgroup with dihedral symmetry: Dih 1, and 2 cyclic group symmetries: Z 5 ...
The six lines of reflection of a regular hexagon, with Dih 6 or r12 symmetry, order 12. The dihedral symmetries are divided depending on whether they pass through vertices ( d for diagonal) or edges ( p for perpendiculars) Cyclic symmetries in the middle column are labeled as g for their central gyration orders.
Any non-self-crossing quadrilateral with exactly one axis of symmetry must be either an isosceles trapezoid or a kite. [5] However, if crossings are allowed, the set of symmetric quadrilaterals must be expanded to include also the crossed isosceles trapezoids, crossed quadrilaterals in which the crossed sides are of equal length and the other sides are parallel, and the antiparallelograms ...
In geometry, a heptagon or septagon is a seven-sided polygon or 7-gon.. The heptagon is sometimes referred to as the septagon, using "sept-" (an elision of septua-, a Latin-derived numerical prefix, rather than hepta-, a Greek-derived numerical prefix; both are cognate) together with the Greek suffix "-agon" meaning angle.