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Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
[4] [3] This voice quality results from the increased activity of the vocal folds to compensate for the immobility of the PCA muscle(s). [3] [5] Patients may need to use more effort than normal when speaking and may find that their voice quiets or grows tired after speaking for a long time. [3] [6] This is known as vocal fatigue.
Intubation granuloma is a benign growth of granulation tissue in the larynx or trachea, which arises from tissue trauma due to endotracheal intubation. [1] This medical condition is described as a common late complication of tracheal intubation, specifically caused by irritation to the mucosal tissue of the airway during insertion or removal of the patient's intubation tube.
High cuff pressure or long-term intubation can cause damage to the tracheal mucosa, causing inflammation, ulceration, and breakdown of cartilage. [3] When the injury heals, scarring occurs, narrowing the airway. [4] Treatment-related risk factors include repeated intubation, the presence of a nasogastric tube, and size of an endotracheal tube.
The low pitch voice is a direct result of increased fluid in the Reinke's space, which vibrates at a lower frequency than normal (females <130 Hz; males <110 Hz). [12] Hoarseness is a common problem of many laryngeal diseases, such as laryngitis. It is described as a harsh and breathy tone of voice.
Initial treatment of the cysts involves voice therapy to reduce harmful vocal behaviours. If symptoms remain after voice therapy, patients may require surgery to remove the cyst. Surgery is typically followed by vocal rest and further voice therapy to improve voice function. Cysts may also be treated using vocal fold steroid injection. [5]
A number of other causes for losing one's voice exist, and treatment is generally by resting the voice and treating the underlying cause. [2] If the cause is misuse or overuse of the voice, drinking plenty of water may alleviate the problems. [2] It appears to occur more commonly in females and the elderly. [4]
Signs and symptoms vary based on the location and severity of the injury; they commonly include dyspnea (difficulty breathing), dysphonia (a condition where the voice can be hoarse, weak, or excessively breathy), coughing, and abnormal breath sounds. In the emergency setting, tracheal intubation can be used to ensure that the airway remains ...