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Important graph polynomials include: The characteristic polynomial, based on the graph's adjacency matrix. The chromatic polynomial, a polynomial whose values at integer arguments give the number of colorings of the graph with that many colors. The dichromatic polynomial, a 2-variable generalization of the chromatic polynomial
All non-isomorphic graphs on 3 vertices and their chromatic polynomials, clockwise from the top. The independent 3-set: k 3. An edge and a single vertex: k 2 (k – 1). The 3-path: k(k – 1) 2. The 3-clique: k(k – 1)(k – 2). The chromatic polynomial is a graph polynomial studied in algebraic graph theory, a branch of mathematics.
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
The graph of any polynomial with degree 2 or greater f(x) = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + ⋯ + a n x n, where a n ≠ 0 and n ≥ 2. is a continuous non-linear curve.
The graph of a function with a horizontal (y = 0), vertical (x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2x) A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times In analytic geometry , an asymptote ( / ˈ æ s ɪ m p t oʊ t / ) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or ...
If b = 0, the line is a vertical line (that is a line parallel to the y-axis) of equation =, which is not the graph of a function of x. Similarly, if a ≠ 0, the line is the graph of a function of y, and, if a = 0, one has a horizontal line of equation =.
An algebraic curve in the Euclidean plane is the set of the points whose coordinates are the solutions of a bivariate polynomial equation p(x, y) = 0.This equation is often called the implicit equation of the curve, in contrast to the curves that are the graph of a function defining explicitly y as a function of x.
In elementary mathematics a polynomial and its associated polynomial function are rarely distinguished and the terms quadratic function and quadratic polynomial are nearly synonymous and often abbreviated as quadratic. A quadratic polynomial with two real roots (crossings of the x axis). The graph of a real single-variable quadratic function is ...